Holt literature textbook 9th grade unit 11 the odyssey. Hephaestus, the god of the forge, smiths, and craftsmen, impacted the events of the story. Hephaestus riding donkey, athenian redfigure skyphos c5th b. For example, odysseus fits the archetype of the hero. Father of athena and king of the gods, zeus appears frequently in this poem but. Homer, odyssey book 8 theoi classical texts library. Homer has touched on a universal theme, the lure of oblivion through drugs. Bloodthirsty god of war, more frenzied but also less powerful than his halfsister athena. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools.
What odysseus has met king alcinous and begins do his character traits tell you about what the ancient greeks telling him of his adventures since leaving found admirable. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans. In fact, he isnt even in the main storyline, just a sidestory sung by demodocus. If you feel that doing a free search on wikipedia is not worth your time compared to paying someone to print out wikipedia articles for you, then these books may be of interest. On the land of the cicones odysseus and his men killed all the men of the island. Book 1 book 2 book 3 book 4 book 5 book 6 book 7 book 8 book 9. Characters in odyssey with examples and analysis literary devices. Hephaistos hephaestus was the olympian god of fire, smiths, craftsmen, metalworking, stonemasonry and sculpture. The thebans told that the union of ares and aphrodite produced harmonia. A lengthy comparison, usually comparing something extraordinary to something ordinary, which uses words such as like, as, and so. Of all the gods on olympus, he is arguably the most human, having suffered abuse by the other gods, who by contrast are aloof, perfect, and remote from the frailties of men. However, of the union of hephaestus with aphrodite, there was no issue. Demodocus tells of a quarrel between odysseus and achilles. What was it like to hear a live performance of the odyssey.
Murray 1 as soon as early dawn appeared, the rosyfingered, the strong and mighty alcinous rose from his couch, and up rose also zeusborn odysseus, the sacker of cities. Unit plan for the odyssey 1 homeros subjecttopic area. The iliad begins, ends and pivots on the achilles rage. Jun 01, 2011 but the minstrel struck the chords in prelude to his sweet lay and sang of the love of ares and aphrodite of the fair crown, how first they lay together in the house of hephaestus secretly. The odyssey books 58 summary and analysis gradesaver. In the odyssey, he appears in book 11 and shows odysseus the way to go to ithaca and allows him to talk to the souls in hades. Learn the odyssey book 9 characters with free interactive flashcards. He rescues achilles from the river god xanthus in book 21. I could not give the whole odyssey in that book without making it unwieldy, i therefore epitomised my translation, which was already completed and which i now publish in full. In order to better understand some of the situations that characters in the odyssey will have to face, take a look at the following situations and decide what you would choose to do if they happened to you. Hermes on circes island, zeus off the island of the cattle of the sun, helios to whine about his cattle. Hephaestus is crippled, feels spurned by his parents, abandoned by the gods, and is now betrayed by his wife, aphrodite. Much later in book 18 hephaestus describes his other fall.
Homer, odyssey book 23 theoi classical texts library. Great examples and literary analysis of the use of characters in homers the odyssey. There they sat on the polished seats next to each other, and pallas athene, planning greathearted odysseus return, traversed the. Odysseus narrative, book 9, featuring his encounter with the cyclops polyphemus, is traditionally called the cyclopeia. Helios the sun saw the lovers and told hephaistos of the deception. Based on the odyssey though not limited to it, the guide includes resources for online reading, a reading schedule, and multiple pages of reading.
An infant when odysseus left for troy, telemachus is about twenty at the beginning of the story. Homers story the iliad is a booklength poem that tells of the trojan war. In book 9 of homers the odyssey, we learn more about his travels after the trojan war ended and why he still has not made. Odysseus cut off a sizable piece of pork from his own portion and told a. Keep track of these in your intext highlights and notes. Odysseus is brave, strong, handsome, wily, loyal, piousand did we mention handsome. Hephaestus sets up an inescapable trap over his bed. Hephaestus states in the odyssey that he would return aphrodite to her father and demand back his bride price. Characters marked with are recurring characters who play significant roles throughout the story.
The iliad is paired with something of a sequel, the odyssey, also attributed to homer. As you read the odyssey, consider how odysseus faces various book 9. Crippled smith of the gods, lord of the forge and fire. The odyssey preface to first edition t his translation is intended to supplement a work entitled the authoress of the odyssey, which i published in 1897. Odysseus and his crew finally escape, having lost six men per ship. The odyssey book 8 summary the next morning, alcinoos rose odysseus and led him to the parliament square. And the strong and mighty alcinous led the way to the place of assembly of the phaeacians, which was builded for them hard by their. Along with the odyssey, the iliad is among the oldest extant works of western literature, and its written version is usually dated to around the 8th century bc. This includes athena, who is presumably helping telemachus while odysseus stays with the phaeacians. What does this say about the magnitude of those activities. Chapter summary for homers the odyssey, book 9 summary. What types of human activities attract the attention of the gods. In book four he is mentioned by menelaus as he gives telemachus a mixingbowl made by hephaestus. In the odyssey book 8, line 269, we hear that his wife aphrodite goddess of love was caught with ares the god of war in the embrace of love.
Odysseus was present in the iliad but not with the same focus as this poem. The odyssey book 9 archetypes by sophia gonzalez on prezi. Odysseus is the husband of queen penelope and the father of prince telemachus. Odysseus the central figure in the epic, he employs guile as well as courage to return to ithaca, defeat the suitors, and resume his proper place as king penelope wife of odysseus and mother of their son, telemachus, she is shrewd and faithful in fending off the suitors telemachus son of odysseus and penelope, the prince struggles to gain his own maturity. Archetypes in the odyssey king alcinous what is an archetype. What is the importance of odysseuss bed in homers odyssey. Odysseus fought among the other greek heroes at troy and now struggles to return to his kingdom in ithaca. Homer alludes multiple times to characters and events from his other epic, the iliad. Laertes, odysseuss father, he has been deeply affected by the disappearance of. However, of the union of hephaestus with aphrodite, there was no issue unless virgil was serious when he said that eros was their child. Allusions are made to connect the two epics together. Bootes, or the plowman, is associated with demeters son who drove the oxen in the big dipper. I had a number of book stands on my deskin each was a different.
Book name of character description of character including significant relationships with other characters description of role they play in the plotodysseuss. The characters in the odyssey by homer display the struggle of loyalty between the partners. The odyssey book 9 the cyclops lyrics in this passage, odysseus and his men have just escaped the land of the lotuseaters, where they given fruit causing the crew to forget about going home. Zeus king of the gods, he is somewhat unpredictable but usually supports wayfaring suppliants, hospitality, and his daughter athena in her concern for odysseus. Books 9 12 odysseus relates what happened to him after the trojan war. Athena, in the shape of the kings herald, went around the city telling the people to come to the parliament to hear about the stranger that showed up at the palace the previous day. The odyssey by homer summaries and study questions. Ithaca home people odysseus meets on his journey literary devices in the odyssey homeric or epic simile. Odysseus and hephaestus in the odyssey athetized by ancient moralists for its portrayal of the gods as adulterous and dismissed by some modem literary critics as an irrelevant digression or posthomeric interpolation, demodocus lay of ares and aphrodite in odyssey 8.
Hephaestus is also connected to humanity by his chosen profession, sculptor, and. He is a natural obstacle to the suitors desperately courting his mother, but despite his courage and good heart, he initially lacks the poise and confidence to oppose them. At dinner, after the sun had gone down, odysseus asks demodocus to sing his third song. The odyssey describes many examples of infidelity in marriage and a couples disloyalty to each other. Although zeus has declared odysseus must be allowed to go home in book 5, he says odysseus must build what in order to leave calypsos island. Hephaestus is the name of the greek god of volcanoes and a craftsman and blacksmith associated with metalworking and stone masonry. Zeus, to allow odysseus to return safely to his home in ithaca.
Students familiar with some of the legends of the odyssey but new to the epic itself might be surprised to see that the section on the lotuseaters is only about twentyfive lines long 9. Throughout the epic poem, ares is mentioned once in book 8 in a song the bard, demodocus sings. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of the odyssey and what it means. In the odyssey, hephaestus plays an even smaller role than he did in the iliad. In the odyssey, what role does each character play in each. Hephaestus is a olympian god who is a minor character in the odyssey. In book 18, he makes achilles his new magnificent armor and shield. In it, odysseus tells his king alcinous all about his fantastic and unusual trip to the underworld in which he did just that. In book 6 of homers odyssey, odysseus awakens to find himself in the land of phaeacians.
Book 1 book 2 book 3 book 4 book 5 book 6 book 7 book 8 book 9 book 10 book 11 book 12 book book 14 book 15 book 16 book 17 book 18 book 19 book 20 book 21 book 22 book 23 book 24 themes all themes fate, the gods, and free will piety, customs, and justice cunning, disguise, and selfrestraint memory and grief glory and honor. Though a strong and courageous warrior, he is most renowned for his cunning. Most of the characters we met in books 16 dont appear much, if at all, in books 712. In the odyssey, hephaestus is acting on his own intuition, but he still shows respect for the elder gods. Book i athena inspires the prince sing to me of the man, muse, the man of twists and turns driven time and again off course, once he had plundered the hallowed heights of troy. A detailed description of the odyssey characters and their importance. The next morning, when polyphemus, blind, lets his rams out in the morning, odysseus and his men ride out with them, tucked under their bellies and using the animals as shields. Book 9 books 1011 books 1214 books 1516 books 1718 books. In the song, helios tells hephaestus that he caught aphrodite cheating on him with ares and hephaestus demands that. Odysseus is the main character of the odyssey, a tale which chronicles his homecoming and his journeys since his departure from troy. His maturation, especially during his trip to pylos and sparta in books 3 and 4. Then royal alcinous led the way to the phaeacians gathering place, laid out there by the ships. While it is less relevant to the overall story, it does focus more on hephaestus, and therefore, it gives the reader a better idea of his personality. The odyssey study guide contains a biography of homer, literature essays, a complete etext, quiz questions, major themes, characters, and a full summary and analysis.
This epic poem lays out different types of challenges the characters face in their marriages. In order to better understand some of the situations that characters in the odyssey will have to face, take a look at the following situations and decide what you. There are many of these same archetypes found in the odyssey. Use this literature study guide as a format for your book report or novel project. Characters plot summary book summaries book 1 book 2 books. Hephaestus books publishes printondemand compilations of wikipedia articles not original works. He meets the phaeacian princess nausicaa, who directs him to the palace of her parents, alcinous and arete. By the time homers audience encounters odyssey 23, odysseus has revealed his identity to his son. My discussion follows the sequence of relevant episodes in the epics, starting from the iliad and continuing to the odyssey. These are allusions to constellations associated with greek myths. By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from shmoop and verify that you are over the age of. Choose from 500 different sets of the odyssey book 9 characters flashcards on quizlet. When ares and aphrodite go to bed, they are snared in the trap and caught by hephaestus.
The first contribution hephaestus has to the events of the iliad is to be the calming voice in an argument between zeus, king of the gods, and hera, queen of the gods. Athena daughter of zeus and goddess of wisdom, purposeful battle, and the womanly arts. Zeus says whatevs, and in no time, odysseus sails off on a makeshift raft. Find a summary of this and each chapter of the odyssey. Homers epic poem the odyssey tells the story of odysseus, greek hero of the trojan war, and his.
Chronologically, the odyssey takes place after the iliad since odysseus is on his return trip from the trojan war. Zeus is another important divine character in the epic, the odyssey. This war lasted 10 years and drew both people and gods into the conflict. I read about ten different translations of the odyssey. Then he tells of the arrival at the land of the wild and lawless cyclopes, giants with a single eye who dwell alone and have no. The odyssey by homer book 9 summary and analysis youtube.
Oct 14, 2012 the odyssey book 8 summary the next morning, alcinoos rose odysseus and led him to the parliament square. Hephaestus, ares and aphrodite ive always loved the hephaestus myths, and am intrigued by the telling of the hephaestus, aphrodite, ares story at this point in the odyssey. Book ix of the odyssey is called nekuia, which is an ancient greek rite used to summon and question ghosts. He tells of the battle with the cicones at ismarus and the luckless nineday detour to the land of the lotuseaters, where two of his men are narcotic fruit and forgot their homes. Her knees moved nimbly, but her feet trotted along beneath her. Apollo, athena, zeus, hera, and hephaestus all play roles in book 1. Poseidon, after seeing the lovers, urged hephaestus to unpinion aresfitzgerald, 147. Hephaestus first appearance in the iliad is at the end of book 1, where he speaks to his mother hera. As odysseus and his men sail away, however, odysseus again employs questionable judgment, shouting taunts at the wounded monster. When hephaestus learned of the infidelity from helios, the god of the sun, he created very fine gold chains that he slipped around the posts of aphrodites bed. As soon as rosyfingered dawn appeared, royal alcinous left his bed, and so did odysseus, scion of zeus, sacker of cities. In the odyssey, what role does each character play in each book.
Later hephaestus is also mentioned in the song the love of ares and aphrodite crowned with flowers. Page 90 and may the gods grant thee all thy hearts desire. Odysseus finally reveals his identity to alkinoos and the phaiakians. She isnt actually present in the odyssey, but in book iv athene.
The story is about how aphrodite cheated on her husband hephaestus,god of fire with the god ares, who is the god of war. A storm sent by zeus sweeps them along for nine days before bringing them to the land of the. Trojan, a demigod and son of anchises and aphrodite. Son of zeus, he is a messenger god zeus sends to help odysseus on occasion.
To reflect on the odyssey and guide you through your reading. Hephaestus, being the obedient son that he is, releases the river from his mighty power. In the song, helios tells hephaestus that he caught aphrodite cheating on him with ares and hephaestus demands that zeus punish ares for having an affair with aphrodite. He was depicted as a bearded man holding a hammer and tongs the tools of a smithand sometimes riding a donkey. Hephaestus books author of articles about stephanie plum books. A minor character in the story of how odysseus got his bow. The lotus eaters fit the archetype of the evil figure with ultimately good heart. Meanwhile, the bard tells the story of ares and aphrodite. Character list cliffsnotes study guides book summaries. The song is called the love of ares and aphrodite crowned with flowers 8.